Advanced Organic Chemistry: Infrared spectrum of 2-methylpropanal (CH3)2CHCHO

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Interpreting and explaining the infrared spectrum of 2-methylpropanal (iso-butyraldehyde)

[Author © Dr Phil Brown PhD: Doc Brown's advanced level organic chemistry exam revision notes suitable for students of UK A level chemistry courses & US K12 grade 11, grade 12 and AP honors chemistry courses: Molecular spectroscopy analysis of 2-methylpropanal (IR spectra) [spectra page updated April 3rd 2026 *]

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Introductory note on the infrared spectrum of 2-methylpropanal

Students and teachers please note my explanation of the infrared spectrum of 2-methylpropanal is designed for advanced, but pre-university, chemistry courses.

Based in the infrared spectrum diagram for 2-methylpropanal, only some of the most prominent peaks for particular bond vibrations are discussed, particularly if 2-methylpropanal has a functional group with a particular characteristic wavenumber peak.

The infrared spectrum of 2-methylpropanal is unique and the whole, or selected wavenumbers, can be used to fingerprint its identity, sometimes analysing a mixture containing 2-methylpropanal or following its change of concentration in a reaction.

infrared spectrum of 2-methylpropanal C4H8O (CH3)2CHCHO wavenumbers cm-1 functional group detection fingerprint pattern identification of isobutyraldehyde doc brown's advanced organic chemistry revision notes 

Spectra obtained from a liquid film of 2-methylpropanal. The right-hand part of the of the infrared spectrum of 2-methylpropanal, wavenumbers ~1500 to 400 cm-1 is considered the fingerprint region for the identification of 2-methylpropanal and most organic compounds. It is due to a unique set of complex overlapping vibrations of the atoms of the molecule of 2-methylpropanal.

2-methylpropanal   C4H8O   aldehydes and ketones nomenclature (c) doc b    aldehydes and ketones nomenclature (c) doc b    aldehydes and ketones nomenclature (c) doc b

The molecular structure and naming of aldehydes and ketones

Interpretation of the infrared spectrum of 2-methylpropanal

The most prominent infrared absorption lines of 2-methylpropanal

The stretching vibrations of the C-H bond of the alkyl grouping occur at wavenumbers 2975 to 2845 cm-1.

Overlapping are the stretching vibrations of the C-H bond of the aldehyde group (CHO) occur at wavenumbers 2880 to 2650 cm-1.

There is a very prominent C=O group stretching vibration absorption at wavenumbers 1740 to 1720 cm-1, characteristic of all molecules with a carbonyl group, in this case the aldehyde 2-methylpropanal.

There are other vibrations for aliphatic aldehydes like 2-methylpropanal peaking at wavenumbers 1440 to 1325 cm-1.

The absence of other specific functional group bands will show that a particular functional group is absent from the 2-methylpropanal molecular structure.


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Links associated with 2-methylpropanal

The chemistry of ALDEHYDES and KETONES revision notes INDEX

The mass spectrum of 2-methylpropanal (methylpropanal, iso-butyraldehyde)

The H-1 NMR spectrum of 2-methylpropanal (methylpropanal, iso-butyraldehyde)

The C-13 NMR spectrum of 2-methylpropanal (methylpropanal, iso-butyraldehyde)

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